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Bananas (Musa) were family tree-plants, although technically are herbaceous plants. Banana term is also used for the elongated fruit of the tree. Initially, bananas are cultivated by prehistoric peoples of Southeast Asia and Oceania West. Bananas are grown mainly in tropical areas, but can grow in about 107 countries. Mainly for food, feed and as ornamental plants. Bananas have a different color when ripe - most often yellow, but may be red or pink, depending on the type and variety. From a culinary standpoint bananas are dessert (when fully ripe are yellow and sweet) and cooking bananas (still green). Almost all bananas that are traded are dessert type, with only 10-15% of world production is exported. United States of America and the European Union are major world importers.
Family Banana (Musa), belongs to the family Banana (Musaceae). According to the system of plant classification APG II, bananas are arranged in order Zingiberales, the group of monocotyledons. Some sources indicate the name of the doctor of Emperor Augustus - Antonio Musa, a man of whom is named the whole family. Others argue that Carl Linnaeus used the Arabic word for banana mauz as the basis for the name of the kind [4]. The word banana, comes from the Arabic banan meaning finger. The genus contains many species, some of which bear fruit edible, while others are grown mainly decorative or technical interest.
The main type of giving varieties of cooking banana is Musa paradisiaca, and the type used to start the dessert varieties Musa acuminata.
Banana is one of the oldest cultivated plants. It is believed that his country is Malay Archipelago, where the population uses it as a complementary food fish diet. Numerous species of wild bananas can be found today in Papua - New Guinea, Malaysia and the Philippines. Archaeological and paleolozhki evidence from Papua - New Guinea show that bananas are cultivated around 5000 years BC and even possibly well before that - from about 8000 BC It is likely similar species are cultivated later and independently in other regions of Southeast Asia. It is believed, however, that it was Southeast Asia is the homeland of bananas. Areas of secondary importance are those in Africa, showing also a long history of breeding and banana.
For example fitolitni evidence found in Cameroon, dating from around the first millennium BC give rise to a long discussion about the beginning of the cultivation of bananas in Africa. There are certain linguistic evidence that bananas were known in Madagascar at that time. Earlier data indicate late 6th century to the beginning of the cultivation of bananas in Africa. It is likely, however, bananas were brought to Madagascar if not the East Africa coast for about 400 year.
Information for bananas are found in Buddhist Pāli Canon 600 BC .. Probably bananas have already been introduced in India by the sailors trading with the islands of Southeast Asia. Bananas are described by the ancient Greek philosopher and founder of botany Theophrastus in the period around 400 BC In China there are banana plantations since the beginning of the 3rd century. The Roman writer Pliny the Elder describes how Alexander the Great tried the taste of banana in the valleys of India in 327 BC .. According to him, the Macedonian ruler refers plant back with him to Europe. To the information of Pliny banana in European sources is referred to as a "remarkable Indian fruit tree." Pliny, however, called him by the name "palladium". This plant name and is now called the language Malayalam in India.
Some scholars suggest that bananas were known in South America in the period before the arrival of Europeans. Based on that banana leaves were found in the tombs of Indian burials in Peru.
In 650, the Islamic conquerors carry banana in Palestine and the east coast of Africa. Bananas appear in many Islamic texts from the ninth century (poems and Hadith), and in the 10th century are mentioned in texts from Palestine and Egypt. Arab traders spread banana in large parts of Africa. The modern name of the banana is of Arabic origin and literally means "finger". During European research in West Africa bananas have long been known to locals. In 1402 the Portuguese carried bananas from the region of the Gulf of Guinea in the Canary Islands. From here a few years after the discovery of America and were brought to the Caribbean and Central America.
Although in tropical bananas become widely known in the countries of Europe and North America with a temperate climate, they remain unknown for a long time are rare or exotic fruit. This is due to the difficulty of the fruits to be delivered in these countries vessels maintain a temperature of 14 ° C. In the second half of the 19th century with the invention of refrigerators and the development of rail transport is made possible transport of bananas to the northern markets in the US and Europe. Even today, some varieties of bananas are not designed for long-term storage and production in countries such as China, India, Thailand and Brazil is intended mainly for domestic markets.
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